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Efficiency is often seen as a desirable trait in systems, but it can come at the cost of resilience. This means that in the pursuit of optimizing a system's performance, there may be a trade-off with its ability to withstand and recover from unexpected shocks or disturbances. In other words, a highly efficient system may be more vulnerable to failure when faced with unexpected challenges.

Back when I was an undergraduate, as part of a class called “Computer Systems Engineering”, we read numerous classic papers of systems…